{"id":2550,"date":"2025-11-27T11:22:46","date_gmt":"2025-11-27T11:22:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jjeci.net\/?p=2550"},"modified":"2025-12-06T08:19:07","modified_gmt":"2025-12-06T08:19:07","slug":"nicotine-as-a-hazardous-chemical-analysis-of-smoking-behavior-and-cessation-strategies-among-pharmacy-students-in-jordan-using-chemical-statistical-and-machine-learning-approaches","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jjeci.net\/index.php\/2025\/11\/27\/nicotine-as-a-hazardous-chemical-analysis-of-smoking-behavior-and-cessation-strategies-among-pharmacy-students-in-jordan-using-chemical-statistical-and-machine-learning-approaches\/","title":{"rendered":"Nicotine as A Hazardous Chemical: Analysis of Smoking Behavior and Cessation Strategies among Pharmacy Students in Jordan using Chemical, Statistical and Machine Learning Approaches"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6a0940c7babee86b1b2bbb1d691b450f\">Authors:Etab Taha AL Kasasbeh , Wasan AL Maaitah, Ruba T. AL Kasasbeh, Ashraf Shaqadan, Osama Al-Habahbeh<sup>e<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48103\/jjeci8252025\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48103\/jjeci8252025<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jjeci.net\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"jjeci.net\">JORDANIAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES (JJECI)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pages: : 227-246<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/jjeci25-116_Etab.pdf\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/545456564.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1705\" style=\"width:50px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/545456564.png 512w, https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/545456564-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/545456564-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:46px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-2551 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PHOTO-2025-11-18-21-12-27-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"404\" height=\"269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PHOTO-2025-11-18-21-12-27-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PHOTO-2025-11-18-21-12-27-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PHOTO-2025-11-18-21-12-27-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PHOTO-2025-11-18-21-12-27-274x183.jpg 274w, https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PHOTO-2025-11-18-21-12-27-80x54.jpg 80w, https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PHOTO-2025-11-18-21-12-27-130x87.jpg 130w, https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PHOTO-2025-11-18-21-12-27-359x240.jpg 359w, https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PHOTO-2025-11-18-21-12-27-85x57.jpg 85w, https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PHOTO-2025-11-18-21-12-27-546x365.jpg 546w, https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PHOTO-2025-11-18-21-12-27-165x109.jpg 165w, https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PHOTO-2025-11-18-21-12-27-112x75.jpg 112w, https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PHOTO-2025-11-18-21-12-27-179x120.jpg 179w, https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PHOTO-2025-11-18-21-12-27-170x113.jpg 170w, https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PHOTO-2025-11-18-21-12-27-81x55.jpg 81w, https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PHOTO-2025-11-18-21-12-27-765x510.jpg 765w, https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PHOTO-2025-11-18-21-12-27.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Highlights<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Study examined smoking prevalence, attitudes, and cessation strategies among 822 pharmacy students at Balqa Applied University, Jordan (Jan 2022\u2013Jan 2023).<\/li>\n<li>25% of participants were non-smokers; 93.6% recognized the health risks of smoking.<\/li>\n<li>Common cessation methods used were electronic cigarettes (44.4%), nicotine gum (13.3%), and nicotine patches (6.0%), while 30.8% were unaware of available cessation options.<\/li>\n<li>Neural network models were effective in detecting rare cessation strategies and identifying individuals at higher risk of cessation failure, aiding targeted interventions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nicotine, a primary chemical hazard in tobacco, presents severe health risks, including addiction and chronic diseases. This study employs a biostatistics and machine learning framework to analyze smoking prevalence, beliefs, and attitudes toward smoking cessation among pharmacy students at Balqa Applied University, Al-Kerak University College, Jordan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 2022 to January 2023, involving 822 participants. Smoking behaviors, perceptions of nicotine\u2019s health effects, and cessation knowledge were assessed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS (version 26). In addition, Random Forest (RF) and fully connected Neural Network (NN) models were developed, supported by SMOTE for class imbalance, to predict smoking status and cessation engagement. Results showed that 25% of students were non-smokers, and 93.6% acknowledged smoking\u2019s health risks. Common cessation methods included electronic cigarettes (44.4%), nicotine gum (13.3%), and nicotine patches (6.0%), whereas 30.8% were unaware of any cessation strategies. Furthermore, 79.4% supported specialist clinics for quitting, 81.3% endorsed public smoking bans, and 88.7% favored restricting tobacco sales to minors. Age and gender emerged as significant predictors of smoking prevalence and cessation engagement (p = 0.0001). Comparative modeling indicated that RF achieved superior overall prediction accuracy, while NN models better detected rare cessation strategies and identified individuals at higher risk of treatment failure. These findings highlight the value of integrating biostatistics and machine learning in public health research and reinforce the need to strengthen smoking cessation education in pharmacy curricula.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Paper type:<\/strong> Research paper<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Nicotine , Smoking , Smoking Cessation , Pharmacy Students ,\u00a0 Jordan, Nicotine Risk<\/p>\n<p><strong>Citation:<\/strong> AL Kasasbeh EA, AL Maaitah W, AL Kasasbeh R T., Shaqadan Ashraf, Al-Habahbeh O<sup> , <\/sup>&#8221; Nicotine as A Hazardous Chemical and Smoking Behaviors and Cessation Strategies among Pharmacy Students in Jordan: Chemical and Statistical and Machine Learning Approach \u201d <em>Jordanian Journal of Engineering and Chemical Industries<\/em>, Vol. <strong>8<\/strong> No.3, pp:227-246 (2025).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-pdf-viewer-block-standard\" style=\"text-align:left\"><div class=\"uploaded-pdf\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jjeci.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/jjeci25-116_Etab.pdf\" data-width=\"\" data-height=\"\"><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Authors:Etab Taha AL Kasasbeh , Wasan AL Maaitah, Ruba T. AL Kasasbeh, Ashraf Shaqadan, Osama Al-Habahbehe DOI:\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48103\/jjeci8252025 JORDANIAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES (JJECI) Pages: : 227-246 Highlights Study examined smoking prevalence, attitudes, and cessation strategies among 822 pharmacy students at Balqa Applied University, Jordan (Jan 2022\u2013Jan 2023). 25% of participants were non-smokers; 93.6% &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2551,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65,69],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2550","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-65","8":"category-volume-8-issue-3"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jjeci.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2550","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jjeci.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jjeci.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jjeci.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jjeci.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2550"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/jjeci.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2550\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2656,"href":"https:\/\/jjeci.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2550\/revisions\/2656"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jjeci.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2551"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jjeci.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2550"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jjeci.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2550"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jjeci.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2550"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}