Authors: Vaishnavi Kolhatkar , Ashwini Thakre, Jayant Ekhe, Diwakar Shende, C. Ravikumar, and Kailas Wasewar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48103/jjeci8232025
JORDANIAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES (JJECI)
Pages: : 258-271
Highlights
- Ethyl acetate, an eco-friendly and non-reactive diluent, showed better performance than traditional toxic solvents.
- Reactive extraction of nicotinic acid using TBP and ethyl acetate was performed at 298K.
- The maximum extraction efficiency (87.25%) was obtained at a nicotinic acid concentration of 0.0102 mol.L-1 using 40 % TBP
Abstract
Nicotinic acid has high commercial value and is widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and biochemical industries. Due to strict environmental regulations, its recovery from the aqueous stream is essential. Nicotinic acid can be recovered from aqueous solution through various methods, including ion exchange chromatography, membrane filtration, extraction, electrodialysis, precipitation, adsorption, desorption, and crystallisation. The present paper investigated the separation of aqueous nicotinic acid using tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) in ethyl acetate, a greener and less toxic ester as a diluent which improved phase separation compared to conventional solvents. Key equilibrium parameters, distribution coefficient (KD), loading ratio (Z), extraction efficiency (E%), and extraction equilibrium constant (KE), were determined. The distribution coefficients ranged from 1.22 to 4.22, with extraction efficiencies of 40.01% to 87.25% at 10-50 vol% of TBP in ethyl acetate. The highest nicotinic acid separation was observed at a concentration of 0.102 mol. L-1 of nicotinic acid and 40% TBP. The system also showed clear phase disengagement and good recyclability, highlighting its potential for industrial applications. The findings indicate that a TBP-ethyl acetate solvent system effectively separates nicotinic acid, contributing to the advancement of a sustainable separation process. The present data is relevant to the sustainable separation process.
Paper type: Research Paper
Keywords: Nicotinic acid, Separation, Tri-n-butyl phosphate, Extraction efficiency, Distribution Coefficient, Sustainability.
Citation: Kolhatkar V, Thakare A, Ekhe J, Shende. D, Ravikumar. C and Wasewar K ” Reactive separation of nicotinic acid TBP in ethyl acetate” Jordanian Journal of Engineering and Chemical Industries, Vol. 8, No.3, pp:258-271 (2025).
